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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-58-2-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-1016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACADEMIC LIFE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уроки петровских реформ глазами историка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The lessons of the Petrine reforms as seen by a historian</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-4401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменский</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenskii</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каменский Александр Борисович д.и.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akamenskii@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет - Высшая школа экономики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каменский А.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каменский А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kamenskii A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1016">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье сделана попытка определения наиболее значимых уроков, которые можно извлечь из опыта преобразований Петра Великого — одного из ключевых событий российской истории, надолго определивших вектор развития страны. Рассматривается как позитивный, так и негативный опыт петровских преобразований, делается вывод о том, что успешность реформ Петра I была связана прежде всего с тем, что их ориентированность на европейскую модель развития соответствовала внутренним тенденциям развития русского общества рубежа XVII–XVIII вв. и именно это сделало петровские преобразования необратимыми. Преемники Петра, столкнувшиеся с серьезными финансово-экономическими проблемами, вынужденно вносили в его преобразования определенные коррективы, но сохранили все основные созданные им институты. Благодаря петровским преобразованиям Россия обрела статус великой державы, что было обусловлено интеграцией страны в систему международных отношений, мировую экономику и культуру, без чего сам статус великой державы терял смысл. Благодаря реформам в экономической сфере было в основном преодолено технологическое отставание от ведущих стран Европы, но приоритетное развитие отраслей промышленности, ориентированных на удовлетворение военных нужд и основанных на труде крепостных, препятствовали развитию капиталистических отношений и способствовали превращению России в сырьевую державу. Темпы экономического развития при этом оставались низкими, что стало залогом нового отставания на следующем историческом этапе. Реформы в социальной сфере, основанные на удовлетворении фискальных потребностей государства, тормозили, но не могли остановить развитие российского общества</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article attempts to identify the most significant lessons that can be learned from the experience of Peter the Great transformations— one of the key developments in Russian history that determined the vector of the country's development for a long time. The author considers both positive and negative implications of Peter the Great's reforms, and concludes that the success of Peter I reforms was primarily due to the fact that their focus on the European model of development correlated with internal trends in Russian development at the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, and this is exactly what made Peter I transformations irreversible. Peter's successors, faced with serious financial and economic problems, were forced to make certain adjustments to his transformations, but retained all the main institutions he created. Thanks to Peter's transformations, Russia acquired the status of a great power, which was due to the country's integration into the system of international relations, the world economy and culture, without which the very status of a great power lost its meaning. Thanks to the reforms in economic sphere, the technological gap with the leading European countries was largely overcome, but the priority development of industries focused on military needs and based on the labor of serfs hindered the development of capitalist relations and contributed to the transformation of Russia into a raw material power. At the same time, the pace of economic development remained low, which resulted in a new lag in the next historical stage. Reforms in the social sphere, based on meeting fiscal needs of the state, hampered but could not stop the development of Russian society</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Реформы</kwd><kwd>Исторический опыт</kwd><kwd>Великая держава</kwd><kwd>Крепостничество</kwd><kwd>Социальная политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reforms</kwd><kwd>historical experience</kwd><kwd>Great power</kwd><kwd>serfdom</kwd><kwd>social policies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анисимов Е. В. (1994). Россия без Петра, 1725–1740. СПб.: Лениздат.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anisimov E.V. (1994). Russia without Peter, 1725-1740. SPb.: Lenizdat.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виртшафтер Э. К. (2002.) 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