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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-59-4-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-1278</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цифровые валюты центральных банков: природа и назначение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Digital currencies of central banks: nature and purpose</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-5683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулаков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулаков Михаил Васильевич – д.э.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией по изучению социально-экономических проблем развивающихся стран, Экономический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkulakov39@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6832-5539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Носов Иван Александрович – аспирант, Экономический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nosovia@my.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кулаков М.В., Носов И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулаков М.В., Носов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulakov M.V., Nosov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1278">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1278</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена понятию цифровых валют центральных банков и его эволюции по мере увеличения интереса монетарных властей и регуляторов к феномену цифровых валют. Целью статьи является выявление природы и назначения цифровых валют центральных банков и определяющих их качеств посредством сравнительного анализа определений, данных им исследователями и разрабатывающими их монетарными властями, а также количественного анализа данных об этапах разработок цифровых валют центральными банками по всему миру. По итогу исследования можно сделать вывод, что с возникновением проектов цифровых валют центральных банков понятие цифровой валюты, ранее обозначавшее частную электронную валюту, как и классификация денег, усложнилось, разрабатывающие цифровые валюты центральных банков регуляторы крупных экономик видят в нем преимущественно цифровую форму национальной валюты, близкую по характеристикам и назначению к наличным, а также что применение технологии распределенного реестра является необязательным, но весьма частым атрибутом цифровых валют центральных банков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper examines the concept of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) and its evolution as the interest of monetary authorities and regulators in the phenomenon of digital currencies increases. The purpose of the article is to identify the nature and purpose of central bank digital currencies and their underlying qualities through a comparative analysis of the definitions given to them by researchers and monetary authorities developing them, as well as a quantitative analysis of data on the stages of development of digital currencies by central banks around the world. Drawing on the results of the study, we may conclude that with central banks digital currency projects the concept of digital currency, which previously denoted private electronic currency, as well as the classification of money, has become more complicated; regulators of large economies developing digital currencies of central banks view it primarily as a digital form of national currency, close to the characteristics and purpose of cash, and also that the use of distributed ledger technology is an optional, but quite a common attribute of central bank digital currencies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровая валюта центрального банка</kwd><kwd>цифровая валюта</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>распределенные реестры</kwd><kwd>ЦВЦБ</kwd><kwd>CBDC</kwd><kwd>DLT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Central bank</kwd><kwd>digital currency</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>distributed ledger</kwd><kwd>CBDC</kwd><kwd>DLT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулаков, М. 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