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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-59-6-9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-1611</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Империи древних — грубое орудие истории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Empires of the Ancient – a crude tool of history</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-7060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Леонид Маркович — к.э.н., ординарный профессор, научный руководитель департамента мировой экономики, руководитель сектора «Структурных проблем мировой экономики» ЦКЕМИ факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lgrigor1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>2160</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьев Л.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьев Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigoryev L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1611">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1611</self-uri><abstract><p>В мире разрозненных племен, языков и почти первобытных ландшафтов империи жестким насилием расширяли масштабы концентрации ренты, фокусировали ее использование на инфраструктуру (дороги, плотины, каналы), оборонительные сооружения, храмы и дворцы. Концентрация вложения ведущей нации достигалась в определенной мере за счет грабежа других народов или налогообложения периферии империй. Они ускоряли обмен информацией, включая инновации, усиливали роль ведущих языков. В целом они проводили первичную организацию дорожного, производственного и информационного пространства. В промежутках между войнами и захватами территории они создавали условия развития внутри империй и торговли империй с окружающими странами.Критическое отношение к империям как «агрессивному злу» ослабило внимание к их экономической роли, тогда как военно-политические аспекты стали объективно центральными как в истории, так и в сознании, создавая некоторый культурный код. Эффект (КПД) империй древности для последующего человеческого развития (в частности достижения науки, искусства) во многом зависел от качества управления, длительности существования и характера его завершения (катастрофа или адаптация). Гибель империй и гибель стран при создании империй отбрасывали человечество в развитии, но многие достижения науки, духовной жизни и материальные активы сохранялись и использовались впоследствии. Народная память и историко-литературные произведения, выработанные в периоды существования (процветания) империй древности, и последующая их мифологизация во многом определяют культурные коды стольких стран, особенно имперских народов или, наоборот, наций, сражавшихся с империями или освободившихся от империалистической зависимости.Мы различаем аграрные и кочевые империи, пытаясь охватить жизненный цикл империй между XIII в. до н.э. и V в. (падение Рима) прежде, чем христианство и ислам стали важным фактором жизни. Элиты в наше время стремятся подобрать исторический отрезок прошлого как элемент исторического кода для своих актуальных политических нужд.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the world of different tribes, languages and slightly cultivated landscapes, empires through crude violence extended rent concentration scale, with the focus on infrastructure (roads, dumbs, canals), fortifications, cult centers and palaces. Investment concentration of a leading nation was achieved through robbery of other nations or through levying taxes on the periphery of the empire. Empires speeded up the information exchange, including innovations, and strengthened the role of lingua franca. In principle, they effected the initial organization of transport, manufacturing and information space. Between the wars and territorial conquest, they created the conditions for development within the empires and their trade with surrounding countries. Critical view of empires as an “aggressive evil” lessened the attention to their economic aspects, while their military-political role became central both in history and consciousness creating a certain cultural code. The impact of ancient empires (KPI) for further development of mankind (science and art, in particular) depended at large on governance quality, length of their existence and character of its termination (catastrophe or adaptation). Some technological and cultural developments were resulted from management and the degree of survival after collapses of empires. We distinguish the agricultural and nomadic empires, trying to cover the life cycle of empires between XIII Century BC and 5 A.D. (fall of Rome), before Christianity and Islam came as a decisive factor. Modern elites strive to select a historic span of the past as an element of historic code for their current political aspirations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Адам Смит</kwd><kwd>Евразия</kwd><kwd>империя</kwd><kwd>торговля</kwd><kwd>развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Adam Smith</kwd><kwd>Eurasia</kwd><kwd>Empire</kwd><kwd>trade</kwd><kwd>development</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бирд, М. (2018). SPQR История Древнего Рима. М. : АНФ. https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.12050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beard, M. (2018). SPQR History of Ancient Rome. Moscow: ANF. https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.12050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брауэр, Ю., &amp; Вантуйль, Х. (2016). Замки, Битвы, Бомбы. 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