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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-59-6-5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-1613</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Адам Смит и нравственное содержание политической экономии: интерпретация с позиций теории общественного выбора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Adam Smith and the morality of political economy: a public choice reading</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паганелли</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panagelli</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паганелли Мария Пиа — профессор экономики</p><p>Сан-Антонио</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>San Antonio</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mpaganel@trinity.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Троицы</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Trinity University</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>221</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Паганелли М.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Паганелли М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panagelli M.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1613">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1613</self-uri><abstract><p>В «Богатстве народов» Адама Смита прескриптивный и дескриптивный анализ переплетены. В то время как анализ стимулов строго описательный, мотивация анализа предписывающая, как и мотивы его предписаний.Для Смита богатство имеет тенденцию содействовать справедливости; оно также имеет тенденцию быть следствием справедливости. Бедность имеет тенденцию создавать несправедливость и быть следствием несправедливости. Таким образом, понимание того, как увеличить богатство нации, означает понимание того, как содействовать справедливости.Порочные стимулы групп специальных интересов являются разрушительными как для богатства, так и для справедливости. Смит назвал «Богатство народов» яростной атакой на британскую коммерческую систему, потому как в предлагаемой здесь интерпретации весь аппарат Британской империи был результатом этих порочных стимулов групп специальных интересов, которые не только порождали неэффективные монополии, но также порождали грубую несправедливость для самых слабых членов общества.Для Адама Смита богатство имеет тенденцию содействовать справедливости; оно также имеет тенденцию быть следствием справедливости. Бедность имеет тенденцию создавать несправедливость и быть следствием несправедливости. В первом разделе статьи анализируется традиционная трактовка «Богатства народов» как в том числе трактата о неэффективности монополий в частности, и меркантилистской системы в целом. При этом показывается, что Смит анализировал проявления лоббизма и кумовства, во многом с позиций, которые на сегодняшний день приняты в теории общественного выбора. Во втором разделе подчеркивается, что идея справедливости предшествует рассмотрению экономических явлений с позиций эффективности. Так, осуждение Смита различных последствий доминирования групп с особыми интересами в тех или иных сферах общественной и экономической жизни, зачастую проявляющихся в увеличении человеческих страданий и бедности, основано на нормативной моральной установке недопустимости нарушения свободы и принципов дистрибутивной справедливости. Третий раздел посвящен обобщению критики Смита систем, которые и неэффективны, и несправедливы. Порочные стимулы групп специальных интересов являются разрушительными как для богатства, так и для справедливости. Смит назвал «Богатство народов» яростной атакой на британскую коммерческую систему, потому как в предлагаемой здесь интерпретации весь аппарат Британской империи был результатом этих порочных стимулов групп специальных интересов, которые порождали не только неэффективные монополии, но также грубую несправедливость для самых слабых членов общества. Ключевой тезис, который обосновывается в статье: понимание того, как увеличить богатство нации означает также и понимание того, как содействовать справедливости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations”, prescriptive and descriptive analysis are intertwined. While incentives analysis is strictly descriptive, the motivation of the analysis is prescriptive as are the motivations for its prescriptions.For Smith, wealth tends to promote justice; it also tends to be a consequence of justice. Poverty tends to create injustices instead, and to be a consequence of injustice. Understanding how to increase the wealth of a nation is thus understanding how to increase its justice.The perverse incentives of special interests are destructive forces of both wealth and justice. Smith called “Wealth of Nations” a violent attack against the British commercial system because, in the interpretation offered here, the entire apparatus of the British Empire was the results of those perverse incentives of special interests groups that not only generated inefficient monopolies, but also, and especially, generated gross injustices for the weakest members of society.For Adam Smith, wealth tends to promote justice; it also tends to be a consequence of justice. Poverty tends to create injustice and be a consequence of injustice. The first section of the article analyzes the traditional interpretation of “The Wealth of Nations” as, among other things, a treatise on the inefficiency of monopolies in particular, and the mercantilist system in general. It is shown that Smith analyzed manifestations of lobbying and nepotism, largely from the standpoint that is currently accepted in public choice theory. The second section emphasizes that the idea of justice precedes the consideration of economic phenomena from the standpoint of efficiency. Thus, Smith’s condemnation of the various consequences of the dominance of special interest groups in certain spheres of social and economic life, often manifested in an increase in human suffering and poverty, is based on the normative moral attitude of the inadmissibility of violating freedom and the principles of distributive justice. The third section is devoted to a generalization of Smith’s criticism of systems that are both inefficient and unfair. The perverse incentives of special interests are destructive of both wealth and justice. Smith called “The Wealth of Nations” a vicious attack on the British commercial system because, in the interpretation offered here, the entire apparatus of the British Empire was the result of these perverse incentives of special interests, which not only produced inefficient monopolies but also produced gross injustices for the weakest members of society. The key thesis the article makes is that understanding how to increase a nation’s wealth also means understanding how to promote justice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Адам Смит</kwd><kwd>лоббизм</kwd><kwd>кумовство</kwd><kwd>непотизм</kwd><kwd>меркантилизм</kwd><kwd>эффективность и справедливость</kwd><kwd>теория общественного выбора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Adam Smith</kwd><kwd>Lobbying</kwd><kwd>Cronyism</kwd><kwd>Mercantilism</kwd><kwd>efficiency and justice</kwd><kwd>Public Choice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смит, А. (2007). Исследовани е о природе и причинах богатства народов. М.: Эксмо.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith, A. (2007). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 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