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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-60-4-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-1834</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Зеленый» протекционизм: политэкономические аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Green protectionism: political economy aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4880-5707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гараева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garaeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гараева Анна Сергеевна — магистрант, Экономический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.garaeva1512@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гараева А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гараева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garaeva A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1834">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1834</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается политическая экономия «зеленого» протекционизма как нового феномена в мировой торговле, в рамках которого экологические цели сочетаются с задачами поддержки национальной промышленности и технологического суверенитета. Исходная гипотеза состоит в том, что формирующийся режим «зеленого» протекционизма представляет собой форму перехода к режиму выборочного допуска на рынки, при котором доступ определяется соответствием экологическим и технологическим требованиям, устанавливаемым в одностороннем порядке крупнейшими экономиками. Цель исследования заключается в анализе инструментов, используемых крупнейшими экономиками, которые формируют современную архитектуру международной торговли через интеграцию климатических целей в промышленную политику. Основной акцент сделан на сравнительном анализе таких программ, как Европейский зеленый курс (European Green Deal, EGD), Трансграничный углеродный налог (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM), Закон о критически важных сырьевых материалах (Critical Raw Materials Act, CRMA), Закон о снижении инфляции (Inflation Reduction Act, IRA) и др., с опорой на материалы ВТО, UNCTAD, UNEP, UNIDO и официальные нормативные документы. В статье систематизированы этапы становления «зеленого» протекционизма, описаны основные инструменты и выявлены характерные черты современных мер, включая их трансграничный эффект и влияние на развивающиеся страны. Особое внимание уделено причинам слияния климатической и промышленной политики в единый комплекс регуляторных мер и различиям подходов Европейского союза и США к формированию новых правил глобальной конкуренции. Делается вывод о превращении «зеленой» политики в инструмент, при помощи которого страны — лидеры мировой экономики пытаются закрепить свое технологическое и экономическое лидерство.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the political economy of green protectionism as an emerging phenomenon in global trade, in which environmental objectives are combined with the goals of maintaining domestic industry and ensuring technological sovereignty. The central hypothesis is that the evolving regime of green protectionism represents a shift toward a model of selective market access, where entry is conditioned on compliance with environmental and technological standards unilaterally defined by the world’s largest economies. The aim of the study is to analyze the policy instruments employed by major economies to reshape the architecture of international trade by integrating climate objectives into industrial policy. The article focuses on a comparative analysis of key initiatives such as the European Green Deal (EGD), the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), drawing on sources from the WTO, UNCTAD, UNEP, UNIDO and official regulatory documents. The author systematizes the stages in developing green protectionism, identifies its core instruments, and highlights the distinctive features of current measures, including their extraterritorial impact and implications for developing countries. Special emphasis is placed on the drivers underlying the convergence between climate and industrial policy into a unified regulatory framework, and on the contrasting approaches of the European Union and the United States in shaping the new rules of global competition. The study concludes that green policy is increasingly being used as a strategic tool through which leading economies seek to consolidate their technological and economic dominance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«зеленый» протекционизм</kwd><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>промышленная политика</kwd><kwd>глобальная конкуренция</kwd><kwd>экологические стандарты</kwd><kwd>ВТО</kwd><kwd>технологический суверенитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>green protectionism</kwd><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>industrial policy</kwd><kwd>global competition</kwd><kwd>environmental standards</kwd><kwd>WTO</kwd><kwd>technological sovereignty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобыле в, С. Н. (2021). Экономика устойчивого развития. М.: КНОРУС.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobylev, S. N. (2021). 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