In Russia, Best Available Techniques (BAT) form the modern instrument of the environmental industrial policy. One should consider BAT from the positions of the environmental and economic regulation. In Russia, harmonization of priority measures of the industrial and the environmental policy aims at the sustainable economic growth, technological renewal and environmental improvement of the industry. In the nearest future, over eight thousand Russian enterprises will turn to the new BAT-based regulation system; they will need to meet new legislative requirements. To achieve this, many companies will need to attract substantial investments; the state will have to work out additional instruments of the financial support for the BAT implementation. The transition to BAT will be organizes of a phased basis; to evaluate results being achieved, it is needed to select indicators characterizing, on one hand, the industrial growth, and on the other hand - the improvement of the production environmental and resource efficiency as well as the gradual reduction of the negative environmental impact. A whole system of indicators is needed because each industrial branch and each region have their specifics caused by the structure of industry and by the state of the environment and natural resources. To analyse the results of the transition to BAT at various levels, experts in Best Available Techniques will be called on; the formation of the society of BAT experts has already begun.