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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38050/01300105202121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сланцевая революция в США и ее влияние на международные торговые потоки нефти и газа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>«Shale revolution» in the USA and its impact on the international trade flows of oil and gas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-903X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подоба</surname><given-names>З. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoba</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подоба Зоя Сергеевна — к.э.н., доцент, доцент Высшей школы сервиса и торговли, Институт промышленного менеджмента, экономики и торговли</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zoyapodoba@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2602-767X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаврова Анастасия Владимировна — магистр экономики, специалист отдела по взаимодействию с органами федеральной власти</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lavrovanastia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Gazprom EP International B. V.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gazprom EP International B. V.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Подоба З.С., Лаврова А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Подоба З.С., Лаврова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Podoba Z.S., Lavrova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/680">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/680</self-uri><abstract><p> Статья посвящена определению вектора влияния сланцевой революции на миро- вые энергетические рынки на основе анализа динамики объемов и цен мировых рынков нефти и газа, а также внешней торговли энергоресурсами в США. Исследование включает многостороннюю оценку тенденций, сложившихся вследствие развития сланцевых технологий. Поступательное увеличение объемов добычи на сланцевых месторождениях позволило США в 2012 г. вернуть ведущую позицию в мире по объемам производства газа, а в 2014 г. — нефти, потеснив Россию и Саудовскую Аравию. США на данном этапе двигаются по курсу снижения энергозависимости от импортируемых ресурсов и наращивают экспорт углеводородов. Существенную поддержку американской сланцевой революции оказывают азиатские страны (Республика Корея, Япония, Китай и др.), предъявляя спрос на ее продукцию. В результате меняется привычная для ХХ в. схема функционирования мировых энергетических рынков, когда основные объемы нефти и газа поставлялись государствами Востока (Ближнего Востока) в западные страны. В настоящее время торговые потоки разворачиваются в обратном направлении: с запада на восток. Снижение объемов импорта в США и увеличение поставок за рубеж привели к тому, что на мировом рынке сложился дисбаланс в сторону предложения энергоресурсов. Нефть и газ больше не рассматриваются как дефицитные товары с запасами, подходящими к истощению, а превращаются в продукцию высококонкурентных рынков сбыта. С помощью использования регрессионных моделей доказано наличие статистически значимого воздействия сланцевой революции на ценовую динамику мирового рынка энергоресурсов: наличие прямой связи между снижением импорта энергоресурсов в США и ценами на нефть и газ на мировых рынках, обратной — между увеличением экпорта из США и ценой на марку Brent, а также региональным уровнем ценового бенчмарка в Европейском регионе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper determines the vector of influence of the “shale revolution” on international energy markets based on the analysis of volume and price dynamics of world oil and gas markets, as well as energy trade in the United States. The study contains a multilateral assessment of trends emerging from the development of shale technologies. Using regression models, the authors trace a statistically significant impact of the “shale revolution” on the price dynamics of the global energy market. Panel data analysis for the period from 2010 to 2019 shows a direct dependence between the decline in energy imports in the United States and global oil and gas prices, and the inverse dependence between the increase in exports from the United States and prices of oil (Brent) and European gas (NBP). Due to active use and continuous improvement of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques in the second decade of the twenty-first century the USA is decreasing its energy import dependency and transforming into a net exporter of hydrocarbons. It results in the supply disbalance on global energy markets. The ongoing changes in the US oil and gas production are leading to the transformation of geopolitical situation on world energy markets. If a decade ago, the US strategy was aimed at guaranteeing stable energy supplies, now it is the capture of markets and crowding out competitors by all possible means.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сланцевая революция</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>мировой рынок нефти</kwd><kwd>сланцевый газ</kwd><kwd>ОПЕК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>shale revolution</kwd><kwd>oil market</kwd><kwd>gas market</kwd><kwd>shale gas</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>OPEC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолина, Л. В. (2014). Возможные последствия сланцевой революции на топливно-энергетическом рынке России. Основы экономики, управления и права, 6(18), 40–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolina, L. V. (2014). The possible consequences of the shale revolution for the energy market of the Russian Federation. 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