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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">msuecon</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov Economics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0130-0105</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSUPRESS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38050/01300105202144</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">msuecon-754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MANAGEMENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности и ограничения применения моделей диагностики банкротства для предупреждения несостоятельности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities and limitations of bankruptcy prediction models applied in preventing insolvency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-3418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Львова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lvova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Львова Ольга Александровна — кандидат экономических наук, доцент, факультет государственного управления МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lvova@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Львова О.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Львова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lvova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/754">https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/754</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье решена проблема разработки интегральной классификации существующих моделей прогнозирования банкротства на основе контент-анализа 270 релевантных зарубежных и российских публикаций, изданных в 1910—2020 гг.: выделены две основные группы моделей — нормативные и эмпирические; последние категорированы на экспертные, комбинированные и объективные, включающие статистические модели и модели интеллектуального анализа данных; специфицированы особенности конкретных видов известных моделей прогнозирования банкротства, их преимущества и недостатки. Раскрыто экономическое содержание моделей, используемая индикативная база снижения финансовой устойчивости бизнеса, и сделаны выводы: подходы к выбору переменных редко обоснованы, показатели обычно заимствованы из прежних моделей или обусловлены автоматической конфигурацией базы данных о компаниях; доминирует бухгалтерский подход к диагностике банкротства на основе финансовых коэффициентов, имеющий серьезные ограничения для российских компаний; выделены наиболее значимые рыночные, стоимостные, качественные индикаторы, свидетельствующие о снижении финансовой устойчивости бизнеса. Выявлены значимые ограничения, не позволяющие в целом применять модели диагностики банкротства для принятия решений по предупреждению несостоятельности компаний: невозможность предвидеть воздействие внешних и внутренних неформальных факторов, проявляющихся нерегулярно, не подверженных экстраполяции, неодинаково воздействующих на разные компании; необходимость учета экономических условий национальной экономики, стандартов отчетности, уровня доступности разноплановых данных; невозможность создания индикативной базы снижения устойчивости, универсальной для любого бизнеса ввиду высокой изменчивости условий функционирования бизнеса в России. Перспективными направлениями в рамках развития современных подходов к диагностике банкротства представляются байесовские методы и наукастинг, а также разработка моделей с фиктивной переменной, учитывающих отраслевые особенности, однако основой предупреждения несостоятельности видится не прогнозирование по моделям, а осуществление постоянного мониторинга общего состояния бизнеса во взаимосвязи с влияющими рыночными, операционными, инвестиционными, финансовыми, управленческими и организационными факторами, учетом значимых качественных параметров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper provides the solution to the problem of an integrated classification of existing bankruptcy prediction based on the content analysis of 270 relevant foreign and Russian publications issued within a period of 1910—2020. The author identifies two main groups of models— normative and positive, with the latter categorized into expert, mixed and objective including traditional statistical models and artificial intelligent techniques; and considers the specific features of certain predicting models, their advantages and disadvantages. He then reveals the economic content of such models and the set of ratios applied for identifying company's financial distress with the following conclusions: approaches to the variables selection are rarely justified, indicators are usually borrowed from previous models or generated automatically by the database configuration; the accounting approach to bankruptcy forecasting based on financial ratios prevails and has serious limitations for Russian companies; the most significant market, value and qualitative variables indicating a decline in the business financial stability are highlighted. Significant limitations of the general use of bankruptcy prediction models for making decisions aimed at insolvency prevention are identified: the inability to anticipate the impact of informal factors that are irregular, unable to extrapolate, and affect companies in different ways; the need to take into account the economic conditions of the national economy, financial reporting standards, and the level of availability of diverse data; the impossibility of creating a universal indicative basis to identify decline of sustainability of any business due to the high volatility of operating conditions in Russia. Bayesian methods and nowcasting, as well as the development of forecasting models for certain industries, are promising areas for the development of modern approaches to bankruptcy prediction, but the fundamental activity for preventing insolvency is not forecasting by models, but the implementation of continuous monitoring of the overall business performance in relation to influencing market, operational, investment, financial, managerial and organizational factors, taking into account significant qualitative variables.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогнозирование банкротства</kwd><kwd>диагностика банкротства</kwd><kwd>модели прогнозирования (диагностики) банкротства</kwd><kwd>индикаторы банкротства</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность</kwd><kwd>неплатежеспособность</kwd><kwd>вероятность банкротства</kwd><kwd>факторный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bankruptcy forecasting</kwd><kwd>insolvency prediction</kwd><kwd>bankruptcy prediction models</kwd><kwd>indicators of insolvency</kwd><kwd>illiquidity</kwd><kwd>over-indebtedness</kwd><kwd>probability of bankruptcy</kwd><kwd>factor analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана в рамках научного проекта «Современная индикативная база снижения финансовой устойчивости и появления угрозы несостоятельности».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written as part of a scientific project “Modern indicative base of declining financial stability and the appearance of a threat of insolvency”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ариничев, И. 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