msueconВестник Московского университета. Серия 6. ЭкономикаLomonosov Economics Journal0130-0105MSUPRESS10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-58-3-6msuecon-981Research ArticleОТРАСЛЕВАЯ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАBRANCH AND REGIONAL ECONOMYРазвитие STEAM-образования как способ адаптации экономики России к внешним шокамSTEAM-education as a means to adapt Russian economy to external shockshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-8647СеменоваР. И.SemenovaR. I.

Семенова Роза Игоревна — научный сотрудник, Центр экономической географии и регионалистики

Москва

Moscow

semenova-ri@ranepa.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-0362ЗемцовС. П.ZemtsovS. P.

Земцов Степан Петрович — к.геогр.н., директор, Центр экономической географии и регионалистики

Москва

Moscow

zemtsov@ranepa.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-8367ПетряеваА. В.PetryaevaA. V.

Петряева Анастасия Вячеславовна — менеджер образовательных проектов

Москва

Moscow

a.petryaeva@geekbrains.ruРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФРоссияRANEPARussian FederationGeekBrainsРоссияGeekBrainsRussian Federation202312032023583108136Copyright © Семенова Р.И., Земцов С.П., Петряева А.В., 20232023Семенова Р.И., Земцов С.П., Петряева А.В.Semenova R.I., Zemtsov S.P., Petryaeva A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/981

Сфера STEAM (естественные науки, технологии, инженерия, искусства и математика) — одна из наиболее быстрорастущих сфер образования и науки, а соответствующие специалисты заняты в высокотехнологичных отраслях и креативных индустриях, определяющих будущее мировой экономики. В статье впервые представлен подробный анализ развития данной сферы на основе авторской методики как в целом по России, так и в разрезе регионов. В России более полумиллиона человек ежегодно принимается на STEAM-направления подготовки по программам высшего образования. Вразрез общероссийским тенденциям сокращения численности студентов набор на эти программы устойчиво рос. По последним данным около 36% выпускников вузов в России имеют специальность в рамках STEAM; для сравнения в Южной Корее, Сингапуре и Германии эта доля выше 45%. Наибольшая доля специалистов готовится в основных университетских центрах: Томской области, Санкт-Петербурге и Москве. При этом число STEAM-выпускников за последние годы снизилось в 41 российском регионе, а в 2022 г. риски для сферы STEAM в России заметно выросли: наблюдается миграционный отток наиболее квалифицированных кадров, сокращается внутренний спрос на них. За полгода (с февраля по август 2022 г.) общее число вакансий на российском рынке труда снизилось на 9%, при этом STEM — на 23% (IT — на 32,5%). Это может сказаться на долгосрочном научно-технологическом развитии страны: наши эконометрические расчеты показывают значимость STEAM для создания стартапов, повышения публикационной и изобретательской активности. В статье предложены некоторые меры по развитию STEAM как инструмента долгосрочного развития и способа адаптации страны к внешним шокам.

The field of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) is one of the most promising in education, and these professionals are employed in high-tech and creative industries that determine the future of global economy. The paper presents a detailed analysis of this sphere based on original approaches, both in the Russian Federation at large and in its regions. In Russia more than half a million people are annually admitted to STEAM training courses for higher education programs. Contrary to the all-Russian trend of reducing the number of students, enrollment for these programs has been steadily growing. According to the latest data, about 36% of university graduates in Russia have a specialty within STEAM. For comparison, this share in South Korea, Singapore, and Germany is above 45%. The largest share of specialists is trained in Tomsk region, St. Petersburg, and Moscow. At the same time, the number of STEAM graduates decreased in 41 Russian regions. In 2022, the risks for STEAM industry in Russia increased markedly: there is a migration outflow of most qualified personnel, with declining domestic demand for them. Over six months from February to August 2022, the total number of vacancies in the Russian labor market decreased by 9%, while STEM — by 23% (IT — by 32.5%). This may affect the long-term scientific and technological development of the country: our calculations show the importance of STEAM for creating start-ups, increasing publication and innovative activity. The article concludes with some measures for developing STEAM as a tool for long-term development and a way to adapt the country to external shocks.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.