msueconВестник Московского университета. Серия 6. ЭкономикаLomonosov Economics Journal0130-0105MSUPRESS10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-59-3-11msuecon-984Research ArticleФИНАНСОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАFINANCIAL STUDIESФальсификация бухгалтерской отчетности на предприятиях обрабатывающей промышленности в 2012–2019 гг.Falsification of financial statements in Russian manufacturing enterprises in 2012–2019https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-0456ЛадыгинаК. С.LadyginaK. S.

Ладыгина Ксения Станиславовна — аспирант.

Москва

Moscow

kseniyaladigina@icloud.comНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation202426052024593236258Copyright © Ладыгина К.С., 20242024Ладыгина К.С.Ladygina K.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://msuecon.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/984

Рассматривается уровень фальсификации бухгалтерской отчетности на предприятиях обрабатывающей промышленности в период с 2012 г. по 2019 г. Основными вопросами являются выявление факторов, взаимосвязанных с гетерогенностью оценок фальсификации финансовой отчетности. Мы исследуем эволюцию корпоративного мошенничества в рассматриваемый период, уделяя особое внимание взаимосвязи фальсифицируемости отчетности и санкционного кризиса 2014 года.

Выявлены две основные линии поведения компаний в отношении подачи корпоративной отчетности: либо устойчиво «честная» стратегия, которая характерна не более, чем для 30-60% предприятий, либо ситуативное поведение, когда предприятие предоставляет то достоверные, то сомнительные данные в те или иные годы в зависимости от тех или иных обстоятельств.

Для всех размерных групп предприятий обрабатывающей промышленности, кроме малого бизнеса, качество предоставляемой отчетности, в целом несколько улучшилось в постсанкционный период 2015–2019 гг. по сравнению с досанкционным.

На основе эконометрических расчетов продемонстрировано, что основными факторами, взаимосвязанными с предоставлением недостоверной отчетности являются размер предприятия и темп роста дебиторской задолженности в предшествующие годы.

This paper considers the falsification of financial reports at Russian manufacturing enterprises in the period from 2012 to 2019. The factors are associated with the heterogeneity of estimates of falsified financial statements. We examine the evolution of corporate fraud during the period under review with a special focus on the correlation between false reporting and sanctions crisis of 2014. We identify two main lines of corporate behavior in relation to falsified corporate reporting: a consistently «honest» strategy characteristic of no more than 30–60% of enterprises, or situational behavior, when an enterprise provides either reliable or questionable data in certain years depending on the circumstances. For large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, the quality of reporting provided has generally improved in the sanction period of 2015–2019 compared to the pre-sanction period. Drawing on econometric calculations, we demonstrate that the main factors associated with provision of inaccurate reporting are the size of an enterprise, and the growth rate of accounts receivable in previous years.

фальсификация отчетностисанкционный кризисмодель Бенишамодель Роксасроссийские компанииобрабатывающая промышленностьreporting falsificationsanctionscrisisBeneish modelRoxas modelRussian companiesРабота выполнена в рамках проекта «“Конкурентоспособность российской промышленности: факторы стимулирования активности и роста предприятий” Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ-ВШЭ».This Working Paper is an output of a research project implemented within NRU HSE’s Annual Thematic Plan for Basic and Applied Research. Any opinions or claims contained in this Working Paper do not necessarily reflect the views of HSE.ReferencesЗверев, Е., & Никифоров, А. (2018). Распределение Бенфорда: выявление нестандартных элементов в больших совокупностях финансовой информации. Внутренний контроль в кредитной организации, 4(40).Feruleva, N. V., & Shtefan, M. A. (2016). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.