Институциональные факторы динамики технологического академического предпринимательства

Статья направлена на выявление препятствий на путях коммерциализации результатов академических научных исследований, которые могут быть порождены различиями в институциональных средах производства научного знания и производства технологической продукции инновационными стартапами. Для этого в ней даются характеристики упомянутых институциональных сред, а также паттернов поведения в них, не имеющих характера формальных или неформальных институтов. Особое внимание уделяется психологическим чертам предпринимателей и их когнитивным способностям, которых может не оказаться у преподавателей и научных сотрудников университетов и научно-исследовательских организаций. Сопоставление содержания названных сред дает основания для выделения двух типов институциональных барьеров: первый имеет общеэкономический характер и может порождать значительные издержки работы инновационных стартапов; второй имеет внутриорганизационный характер и может порождать высокие риски перехода из науки в производство, препятствуя принятию научными сотрудниками и преподавателями решений о создании инновационных технологических стартапов. В заключительной части статьи формулируются некоторые рекомендации по снижению уровня барьеров второго типа. В частности, для компенсации рисков, связанных с возможными последствиями неудачи созданиях стартапа и трудностями возврата в сферу научно-исследовательской деятельности, руководство университетов могло бы юридически гарантировать преподавателю или научному сотруднику возврат на рабочее место в научных или учебных подразделениях факультетов в течение не менее пяти лет после создания стартапа

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