Устойчивость компаний в глобальных цепочках создания стоимости в период внешних шоков на примере первой волны пандемии COVID-19

Растущая неопределенность и участившиеся шоки в мировой экономике требуют от компаний и органов государственного регулирования поиска новых источников устойчивости. Вопрос о влиянии участия в глобальных цепочках создания стоимости на деятельность компаний остается во многом нерешенным в современной литературе, особенно в контексте внешних шоков. Статья направлена на расширение понимания механизма взаимосвязи между глобализацией и устойчивостью компаний. Исследование опирается на концепцию глобальных цепочек создания стоимости и использует различные маркеры принадлежности компаний к этим цепочкам, такие как импорт, экспорт, международные сертификаты качества и иностранное участие в капитале. Методологическая новизна работы заключается в том, что для оценки устойчивости компаний используются не только фактические значения изменения выручки в результате шокового воздействия, но и ожидаемый период восстановления для различных моделей организации глобальных цепочек создания стоимости. На основе данных о 5301 фирме из 29 стран Европы и Центральной Азии с использованием пробит-регрессии и упорядоченной пробит-регрессии выявлено, что неэкономический шок от пандемии COVID-19 негативно сказался на компаниях-импортерах, приводя к сокращению продаж и увеличению ожидаемого периода восстановления. Более устойчивыми оказались крупные фирмы и компании, обладающие международными сертификатами качества. Участие в глобальных цепочках создания стоимости и экспортная ориентация компаний не оказали существенного влияния на колебания выручки и способность восстановить выручку до докризисного уровня. Полученные результаты предоставляют дополнительные аргументы для принятия решений компаниями относительно участия в цепочках, а также при формировании ориентиров государственной внешнеторговой политики и политики в области прямых иностранных инвестиций.

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