Возобновляемая энергетика ЕС: факторы и стратегии привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций

В статье исследуется вопрос привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций (ПИИ) в сектор возобновляемой энергетики (ВИЭ) ЕС. Целью работы выступает выявление факторов и оценка возможных стратегий привлечения ПИИ в сектор возобновляемой энергетики ЕС. Гипотезой исследования является предположение о том, что в условиях роста стоимости импорта установок ВИЭ из Китая и переориентации энергетической политики США, основной стратегией ЕС по привлечению ПИИ в сектор ВИЭ станет диверсификация поставщиков материалов и оборудования. Методология исследования основана на SWOT-анализе с использованием корреляционной матрицы для прогнозирования и оценки стратегий ЕС. Результаты исследования позволили определить ключевые факторы, влияющие на приток ПИИ, а также создать прогноз и оценить четыре варианта стратегий привлечения ПИИ ЕС. Стратегия SO предполагает трансформацию правовой базы регулирования ВИЭ. Стратегия WO направлена на развитие сети партнеров и инвесторов для реализации совместных проектов. Стратегия ST ориентирована на разработку существующих месторождений ЕС с учетом кластерной дифференциации стран по уровню использования ВИЭ. Стратегия WT предусматривает развитие проектов в области гибридной энергетики. Гипотеза подтвердилась частично: в среднесрочном периоде ЕС будет диверсифицировать импорт, однако вероятные изменения условий приведут к применению стратегий, оценка которых дается автором. Результаты работы могут представлять интерес для научно-исследовательских институтов, организаций и компаний, специализирующихся на возобновляемой энергетике и сотрудничестве с ЕС, а также для инвесторов, разрабатывающих инвестиционные стратегии в секторе ВИЭ ЕС.

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