«Старые» и «молодые» провинции Китая: возрастная структура и экономический рост

Старение населения — серьезный вызов экономическому развитию — быстрыми темпами развивается в Китае в XXI в. Задачи настоящей работы включают: 1) выявление степени старения и вклада демографических факторов в старение населения в различных провинциях Китая; 2) установление связи между возрастной структурой населения и темпами роста ВРП на душу населения в провинциях КНР в 2002–2021 гг.; 3) оценка динамики демографического дивиденда в Китае в последние десятилетия. Для решения поставленных задач авторы используют методы демографического и регрессионного анализа с использованием данных официального статистического органа КНР. В работе выявлены существенные различия в уровне старения населения разных провинций Китая. Отличаются и основные демографические факторы старения. В одних провинциях важный вклад в рассматриваемый период вносят изменения в рождаемости, в других — в смертности. Подтверждена статистически значимая отрицательная связь между темпами прироста реального ВРП на душу населения и коэффициентом демографической нагрузки на современном этапе развития Китая, рассчитан вклад демографического дивиденда в экономический рост страны.

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